Peranan Fibrinogen terhadap Kejadian Abortus pada Wanita Hamil Penderita Toksoplasmosis
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Toxoplasma gondii merupakan penyebab penyakit toksoplasmosis. Lebih dari 60% populasi di dunia sudah terinfeksi T. gondii. Prevalensi toksoplasmosis akut pada perempuan hamil adalah 4,8 per 1000 perempuan. Risiko infeksi janin hingga 13 minggu kehamilan sekitar 15% dan setelah itu risiko infeksi meningkat serta mencapai 72% pada minggu ke 36 kehamilan. Fibrinogen merupakan salah satu protein fase akut terpenting wanita hamil. Secara fisiologis terjadi peningkatan kadar prokoagulan darah (termasuk fibrinogen), namun kadar antikoagulan dalam darah berkurang selama kehamilan serta kinerja sistem fibrinolitik melemah. Di kondisi ini, jika wanita terinfeksi toksoplasmosis selama kehamilan, peningkatan faktor koagulatif berlebihan dapat meningkatkan risiko tromboemboli. Infeksi T.gondii diketahui meningkatkan sekresi IFN- γ pada hewan coba domba dan tikus kemudian mensekresi fibrinogen-like protein 2 (fgl2) yang berperan dalam deposisi fibrin dan trombosis. Fgl2 sebuah protrombinase transmembran yang secara langsung membelah protrombin menjadi trombin. Aktivitas protrombinase dari Fgl2 diobservasi pada kejadian abortus. Secara keseluruhan, sistem koagulasi makin kuat pada wanita hamil. Namun proses inflamasi akibat toksoplasmosis mengakibatkan terjadinya situasi prothrombic state yang berhubungan dengan peningkatan kadar fibrinogen. Peningkatan fibrinogen meningkatkan lagi inflamasi. Peningkatan fibrinogen yang berlebihan meningkatakan risiko tromboemboli yang menyebabkan infark pada plasenta dan menyebabkan abortus.
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